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The importance of folic acid

Folic acid is necessary for cell development; for the metabolism of specific biochemical reactions in the body, such as the conversion of homocysteine to methionine; and for the metabolism of specific anticonvulsant drugs. Folic acid has an interrelationship with vitamin B12. A deficiency of folate increases the risk of NTDs, as well as contributing to hyperhomocystinemia, a condition associated with increased cardiovascular disease and NTDs. For the prevention of NTDs, it is recommended that a woman of childbearing age consume a daily folate intake of 400 micrograms; however, the average dietary folate intake is half that amount, and the FDA folate fortification of cereal grains adds only 100 micrograms 每天24小时交易货币对 daily. The woman in her childbearing years does not meet the recommendation with dietary and food fortification. Periconceptional folic acid supplementation is essential, because the neural tube closes 23 to 27 days after conception. Therefore, a multiple vitamin 每天24小时交易货币对 containing folic acid is the practical solution at present if the food fortification is not increased. The bioavailability of folate in the vitamin preparation is approximately double that of dietary folate. Most preparations contain 400 micrograms of folic 每天24小时交易货币对 acid, and if the woman took a multiple vitamin (400 micrograms of folate) in addition to her diet (230 micrograms of folate), she would not exceed 1000 micrograms (1 mg) daily, which is considered the upper limit of daily folate ingestion by dietary fortification and supplementation before the masking of vitamin B12 becomes a concern. However, in this group of patients, pernicious anemia is rare. Regarding cardiovascular disease in men and women, there are no long-term studies showing the benefit of folic acid in reducing the homocysteine level. At present, there are only estimations. However, they should not be ignored. Although it is not the current standard of practice, adding a multiple vitamin containing 每天24小时交易货币对 folic acid to the regimen of men and women starting anticonvulsant medication should be considered in order to prevent 每天24小时交易货币对 the folate lowering observed with such commonly used drugs as PHT and carbamazepine. Women in childbearing years should be on a folic acid supplement when taking an anticonvulsant drug. In general, it appears that all men and women 每天24小时交易货币对每天24小时交易货币对 would benefit from increased folate intake. This can be accomplished through vitamin supplementation when there is compliance. However, if the food fortification for folate is increased in the future, then the issue of vitamin supplementation will have to be readdressed.

Cited by

Cummings D, Dowling KF, Silverstein NJ, Tanner AS, Eryilmaz H, Smoller JW, Roffman JL. Cummings D, et al. Nutrients. 2017 Sep 8;9(9):994. doi: 10.3390/nu9090994. Nutrients. 2017. PMID: 28885600 Free PMC article.

Chan A, Remington R, Kotyla E, Lepore A, Zemianek J, Shea TB. Chan A, et al. J Nutr Health Aging. 2010 Mar;14(3):224-30. doi: 10.1007/s12603-010-0054-5. J Nutr Health Aging. 2010. PMID: 20191258 Clinical Trial.

The importance of folic acid

Folic acid is necessary for cell development; for the metabolism of specific biochemical reactions in the body, such as the conversion of homocysteine to methionine; and for the metabolism of specific anticonvulsant drugs. Folic acid has an interrelationship with vitamin B12. A deficiency of folate increases the risk of NTDs, as well as contributing to hyperhomocystinemia, a condition associated with increased cardiovascular disease and NTDs. For the prevention of NTDs, it is recommended that a woman of childbearing age consume a daily folate intake of 400 micrograms; however, the average dietary folate intake is half that amount, and the FDA folate fortification of cereal grains adds only 100 micrograms daily. The woman in her childbearing years does not meet the recommendation with dietary and food fortification. Periconceptional folic acid supplementation is essential, because the neural tube closes 23 to 27 days after conception. Therefore, a multiple vitamin containing folic acid is the practical solution at present if the food fortification is not increased. The bioavailability of folate in the vitamin preparation 每天24小时交易货币对 is approximately double that of dietary folate. Most preparations contain 400 micrograms of folic acid, and if the woman took a multiple vitamin (400 micrograms of folate) in addition to her diet (230 micrograms of folate), she would not exceed 1000 micrograms (1 mg) daily, which is considered the upper limit of daily folate ingestion by dietary fortification and supplementation before the masking of vitamin B12 becomes a concern. However, in this group of patients, pernicious 每天24小时交易货币对 anemia is rare. Regarding cardiovascular disease in men and women, there are no long-term studies showing the benefit of 每天24小时交易货币对 folic acid in reducing the homocysteine level. At present, there are only estimations. However, they should not be ignored. Although it is not the current standard of practice, adding a multiple vitamin containing folic acid to the regimen of men and women starting anticonvulsant medication should be considered in order to prevent the folate lowering observed with such commonly used drugs as PHT and carbamazepine. Women in childbearing years should be on a folic acid supplement when taking an anticonvulsant drug. In general, it appears that all men and women would benefit from increased folate intake. This can be accomplished through vitamin supplementation when there is compliance. However, if the food fortification for folate is increased in the future, then the issue of vitamin supplementation will have to be readdressed.

Cited by

Gastrointestinal tolerance of chicory inulin products

Background: The use of inulin in foods as a fiber source has increased recently. Consumption of inulin products can cause gastrointestinal (GI) 每天24小时交易货币对 distress. Acceptable intakes of inulin need to be determined.

Objective: To determine the GI tolerance of two inulin fibers, shorter chain length oligofructose and native inulin, at 5- and 10-g doses compared to a placebo.

Design: A randomized, double-blind, controlled, crossover design that included a phone screening and five visits for breakfast fiber challenges consisting of a bagel, cream cheese, and orange juice.

Subjects/setting: Twenty-six healthy men and women ages 18 to 60 years participated in the study. Healthy subjects with no history of GI conditions consumed diets with typical amounts of fiber.

Main outcome measures: GI tolerance was calculated as the sum of scores on 每天24小时交易货币对 seven GI tolerance domains via questionnaire administered at t=0, 2, 4, 24, and 48 hours following fiber challenge.

Statistical analyses performed: A mixed effects linear model was used to compare the tolerance scores among the five 每天24小时交易货币对 fiber challenges.

Results: The two inulin fibers tended to increase GI symptoms mildly. Most frequently reported symptoms were flatulence followed by bloating. The 10-g dose of oligofructose substantially increased GI symptoms compared to control.

Conclusions: Doses up to 10 g/day of native inulin and up to 5 g/day of oligofructose were well-tolerated in healthy, young adults.

Cited by

Vastolo A, Riedmüller J, Cutrignelli MI, Zentek J. Vastolo A, et al. Animals (Basel). 2022 May 26;12(11):1368. doi: 10.3390/ani12111368. Animals (Basel). 2022. PMID: 35681832 Free PMC article.

Beke M, Burns AM, Weir S, Solch RJ, Judkins TC, Nieves C Jr, Langkamp-Henken B. Beke M, et al. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2022 Mar 28;20(1):53. doi: 10.1186/s12955-022-01956-4. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2022. PMID: 35346230 Free PMC article.

Silva-Adame MB, Martínez-Alvarado A, Martínez-Silva VA, Samaniego-Méndez V, López MG. Silva-Adame MB, et al. Foods. 2022 Feb 24;11(5):670. doi: 10.3390/foods11050670. Foods. 2022. PMID: 35267303 Free PMC article.

Latino C, Gianatti EJ, Mehta S, Lo J, Devine A, Christophersen C. Latino C, et al. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022 Jan 18;22(1):46. doi: 10.1186/s12884-021-04366-4. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022. PMID: 35042457 Free PMC article.

Amadieu C, Coste V, Neyrinck AM, Thijssen V, Leyrolle Q, Bindels LB, Piessevaux H, 每天24小时交易货币对 Stärkel P, de Timary P, Delzenne NM, Leclercq S. Amadieu C, et al. Gut Microbes. 2022 Jan-Dec;14(1):2007042. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2021.2007042. Gut Microbes. 2022. PMID: 34923905 Free PMC article.